If you want to pollute water (and I bet you do!), you have to get an NPDES permit (pursuant to the Clean Water Act). Ten or so states let the federal government take care of the process, but the others run it themselves, and in each of these states, the process is a little different.
I'm researching the process by which a citizen (rather than the state or federal government or the permit applicant) might appeal a permit's having been granted. Tomorrow, I must turn in information describing the process in each state. So far, I've got about two and a half states done.